![]() ![]() However, many Egyptologists consider him the greatest pharaoh of the New Kingdom. As the son of Ramses I, Seti was only the second pharaoh of the 19th dynasty. The spectacular tomb of Seti I reveals the importance of his reign. Manetho incorrectly considered him to be the founder of the 19th dynasty, and gave him a reign length of 55 years, though no evidence has ever been found for so long a reign. Upon his ascension, he took the prenomen “mn-m3‘t-r‘ “, usually vocalized as Menmaatre, in Egyptian, which means “Established is the Justice of Re.” His better known nomen, or birth name, is transliterated as “sty mry-n-ptḥ” or Sety Merenptah, meaning “Man of Set, beloved of Ptah”. ![]() As with most pharaohs, Seti had several names. The name ‘Seti’ means “of Set”, which indicates that he was consecrated to the god Set (also termed “Sutekh” or “Seth”). As with all dates in Ancient Egypt, the actual dates of his reign are unclear, and various historians claim different dates, with 1294 BC to 1279 BC and 1290 BC to 1279 BC being the most commonly used by scholars today. Seti I – Menmaatre Seti I (or Sethos I as in Greek) was a pharaoh of the New Kingdom Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt, the son of Ramesses I and Sitre, and the father of Ramesses II. Various additions to the temple were made by later pharaohs, including those from the Late, Ptolemaic and Roman periods. ![]() In addition to the main temple, there was also an Osireion at the back of it. Like the temples of his predecessors, Seti’s temple was dedicated to Osiris, and consisted of a pylon, two open courts, two hypostyle halls, seven shrines, each to an important Egyptian deity ( Horus, Isis, Osiris, Amun-Ra, Ra-Horakhty and Ptah) and one to Seti himself, a chapel dedicated to the different forms of the god Osiris, and several chambers to the south. This is visible in some of the temple’s reliefs depicting Ramesses slaying Asiatics and worshipping Osiris. Although work began under Seti, the temple was only completed during the reign of his son, Ramesses II. Seti’s temple was built mainly of limestone, though parts of it were built in sandstone. The Temple of Seti, however, was built on new ground to the south of the said temples. A number of temples dedicated to Osiris, all of which were located in one area, were built prior to the reign of Seti. Thus, Abydos was an important cult center for Osiris. Seti was also responsible for commissioning the construction of a grand temple in Abydos.Ībydos has a special place in the sacred landscape of ancient Egypt, as it was believed to be the place where Osiris was buried. Yet, Seti was an important character in his own right, as he was one of the pharaohs who had to bring order back to Egypt and re-establish Egyptian sovereignty over its eastern neighbors (Syria and the Levant) following the social disruption caused of Akhenaten’s religious reforms. Seti’s place in history was overshadowed by that of his son, Ramesses II, arguably one of the greatest pharaohs in Egyptian history. However, his temple in Abydos is among the most famous, cited by many as the most impressive religious structure still standing in Egypt. Seti I was probably one of the least well-known pharaohs of the New Kingdom period of ancient Egypt. Carving of Seti I in the Temple of Seti, Abydos ( Wikipedia) ![]()
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